Lock And LoadX

04.01.2020
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To 'Load and lock' refers to the operation of the M1 Garand Rifle, a standard WWII army rifle, where one would load a single round into the Garand, and then strike the bolt handle with the heel of the hand thereby forcing a round into the chamber and ensuring that it was fully closed and locked into place.

How I liberated my Winkhub from the Cloud

TL;DR; I rooted my Winkhub over the UART connection and then wrote a small Go web service to allow me to turn my lights on and off from my phone.

Recently I became interested in controlling my lights automatically. I wanted to implement a timer that could flip the lights on and off during certain hours of the day, and to create a snooze button that disables the lights from shutting off when I still needed them on after the shut-off hour. I’m currently using one of those cheap hardware outlet timers.

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I came across the Winkhub while browsing the light section in HomeDepot. I did a quick search to see which of these “Smart” devices could easily be rooted because I did not want the controls routed through a third party service. I also thought this would be a fun challenge to try hacking on some hardware. Sadly, the PHP hack I had read about was no longer in the firmware of the Winkhub I purchased. That led me to a crash course in hacking this thing with the UART connection and learning how to cross compile Go so I could run my own programs on the device.

I’ve listed all the resources I used at the bottom.

Shopping list

  • WinkhubI picked mine up at a HomeDepot and paid $50. I should have bought it online since they have a deal that combines 2 light bulbs and a hub for the same price.
  • GE Link Light bulbAt least one light to test with
  • FT232RL FTDI USB to TTL Serial AdapterThis adapter has a jumper to to switch between 3.3v and 5v. The Winkhub uses 3.3v
  • Female and Male Wiring HarnessesI bought this mainly because I needed the wires. I’m not sure how to safely use that USB to Serial TTL adapter with the jumper.
  • Twist tie or a short wireI just used one I found in the kitchen off some groceries
  • Some LEGO bricks to build a stand for convenience
  • Hex torx screwdriver
  • Multimeteroptional
  • Linux(Mac & Windows should work too)

I should note that some of the stuff I am doing with the wires is probably questionable.

Do this at your own risk!

I haven’t really done any hardware hacking in the past like this, and hardly know what I am doing. I figured this out by watching a bunch of youtube videos and reading some blog posts on how to use a multimeter and basic usage of a UART connector.

Device Teardown

I did not connect my hub to the wireless router before doing any of these steps in fear of the firmware updating to block me out.

Fresh out of the box open the Winkhub by removing the 4 screws on the back with a Hex torx screwdriver.

Pull the circuit board out and mount it on a stand. I used one made out of LEGO bricks.

Place jumper on the 3.3v and center pin

At this point the Winkhub should still not be plugged into power. Attach wires to the GND (Ground), TX (Transmit), & (RX) Receive. Note that you will want to on UART side connect the TX to the RX connection and the RX to the TX connection. The ground connects to ground in both and the power is left empty.

Place the wires into the UART connection on the hub.

I held my wires into place with the help of some LEGO bricks. I’ve seen other people solder on adapters. I found no issues with plugging my wires in without soldering them.

Plug-in the USB cable for the serial adapter if it isn’t already.

Things I wish I knew ahead of time:

  • minicom can record logs to a file
  • reboot -f is how you reboot the Winkhub. Nothing seems to happen without the -f flag
  • The Winkhub does not seem to like spaces in the wifi passwords
  • Running ping inside minicom will disable reading any input and I can only get out of it by rebooting the Winkhub. I’m sure there must be some better way to kill it.

Setup the serial connection

I used minicom to communicate with the serial adapter.

Raspbian: sudo apt-get install minicom
OSX: brew install minicom

$ minicom -s

  • Go to Serial port setup
  • Press A to update the serial device to /dev/ttyUSB0 (I did this from a Raspberry Pi so it may be different on another machine.)
  • Set Hardware Flow Control to No
  • Press enter to save the settings

NOTE: Minicom can be configured to capture logs to a file using ctrl + A, Z then press L

Lock And Load Em

  • Save setup as default
  • Exit

You should see a screen like this:

Power up

Open Dissolved Girl in the background for this next part.

At this point you should be able to plug the Winkhub into the wall. I used a surge protector so I could easily turn the Winkhub on and off. This is very useful later when it comes time to short the pin.

This is the output I recorded after powering mine on the first time:

Note: The CPU at the top is a Freescale i.MX28 at 454MHz. I used this information later to find out that it is possible to compile Go for this platform. (ARMv5)

Power off & connect UART

Lock And Load Meaning

This is where things become a little questionable. It was late when I did this and I realized that I forgot to order a wire that is needed to short the NAND chip by connecting a pin 29 to the ground. I scrounged through my house and realized I probably had some twistie ties. I wasn’t sure if they would be enough to conduct a signal so I tested it by stripping the paper off of the wire ends and connecting one end of a wire to a battery and the other to a tip on my multi meter. Once I saw that it had continuity, I figured it would work. I wrapped the twisty tie around the edge of the ground pin going into the UART connector on the circuit board and left the other end loose.

Careful not to touch excess wire to RX & TX pins.

Pin 29 should be connected to ground 1 second after power is turned on.

It took me many failed attempts to figure out that I needed to connect the wire to the ground at about 1 second after turning on the power or as soon as the LED light turns on. I had trouble finding information on how soon to connect the pin to the ground. I’ve listed the bad output at the bottom for reference.

Success! At this point you should stop touching pin 29 to the ground.

Run printenv

Update the bootargs so it gives shell access.
=> setenv bootargs 'noinitrd console=ttyAM0,115200 rootfstype=ubifs ubi.mtd=5 root=ubi0:rootfs rw gpmi init=/bin/sh';

Start the boot process.
=> nand read ${loadaddr} app-kernel 0x00400000 && bootm ${loadaddr}

Enjoy the music while you wait for it to boot.

This post contains the rest of the steps to retain root access, enable ssh, and enable serial access without having to short the NAND chip. Be very sure to read every detail. For example, some people in that thread had issues because they forgot to run mount -a.

  • Part I - Hacking the Winkhub

Resources

Lock And Load Owego

Bad Output

Lock And Load Owego Ny

If you see this in your logs you connected the wire too late:

Or this… Also too late:

Lock And Load Pana Il

It is also too late if you have seen this:

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